Under-extrusion

Gaps, thin or inconsistent walls, and missing sections of a layer.

Likely causes, most likely first

1. Partial nozzle clog
2. Temperature too low for the speed
3. Wrong E-steps / flow or filament diameter
4. Extruder grinding (idler tension)
5. Print speed beyond the hot end's flow limit

Fixes to try

• Clear the nozzle (cold pull) or replace it
• Raise temperature or slow down
• Calibrate E-steps and flow; verify filament diameter
• Adjust extruder idler tension
• Reduce speed or check volumetric flow

Where to buy

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