3D Printing ToolkitTroubleshooting › Warping & adhesion

Warping & adhesion

Corners or edges curl up and lift off the bed — common on ABS and large prints.

Likely causes, most likely first

  1. Bed too cold or uneven
  2. Poor first-layer adhesion / dirty bed
  3. Drafts or no enclosure (ABS/ASA)
  4. Too much part cooling on early layers

Fixes to try

Filaments this hits hardest

ABS

Heat-resistant and machinable, but it warps hard and the fumes need extraction.

ASA

ABS reformulated for outdoors — same strength and heat range, but it does not yellow in sun.

Polycarbonate

Engineering grade: the highest heat resistance and impact strength you will print on a hobby machine.

HIPS

Mostly used as dissolvable support for ABS — limonene washes it away.

Other print defects

Stringing & oozingUnder-extrusionLayer shiftingElephant's footZ-bandingBlobs & zitsGhosting / ringingOver-extrusionTop pillowingPoor bridging

Every number on this page is in the app too — next to the calculators that use it, working offline at the printer.

Get it onGoogle Play